In episode 62 of The Gradient Podcast, Daniel Bashir speaks to Ed Grefenstette.
Ed is Head of Machine Learning at Cohere and an Honorary Professor at University College London. He previously held research scientist positions at Facebook AI Research and DeepMind, following a stint as co-founder and CTO of Dark Blue Labs. Before his time in industry, Ed worked at Oxford’s Department of Computer Science as a lecturer and Fulford Junior Research Fellow at Somerville College. Ed also received his MSc and DPhil from Oxford’s Computer Science Department.
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Outline:
(00:00) Intro
(02:18) The Ed Grefenstette Origin Story
(08:15) Distributional semantics and Ed’s PhD research
(14:30) Extending the distributional hypothesis, later Wittgenstein
(18:00) Recovering parse trees in LMs, can LLMs understand communication and not just bare language?
(23:15) LMs capture something about pragmatics, proxies for grounding and pragmatics
(25:00) Human-in-the-loop training and RLHF—what is the essential differentiator?
(28:15) A convolutional neural network for modeling sentences, relationship to attention
(34:20) Difficulty of constructing supervised learning datasets, benchmark-driven development
(40:00) Learning to Transduce with Unbounded Memory, Neural Turing Machines
(47:40) If RNNs are like finite state machines, where are transformers?
(51:40) Cohere and why Ed joined
(56:30) Commercial applications of LLMs and Cohere’s product
(59:00) Ed’s reply to stochastic parrots and thoughts on consciousness
(1:03:30) Lessons learned about doing effective science
(1:05:00) Where does scaling end?
(1:07:00) Why Cohere is an exciting place to do science
(1:08:00) Ed’s advice for aspiring ML {researchers, engineers, etc} and the role of communities in science
(1:11:45) Cohere for AI plug!
(1:13:30) Outro
Links:
(some of) Ed’s Papers
Other things mentioned
Ed Grefenstette: Language, Semantics, Cohere